Black Bear Range, North America, 2009-2012

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Metadata:


Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator:
Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission - Fish and Wildlife Research Institute (FWC-FWRI)
Publication_Date: 2014
Title: Black Bear Range, North America, 2009-2012
Online_Linkage: <http://www.bioone.org/doi/pdf/10.2192/URSUS-D-12-00020.1>
Description:
Abstract:
American black bears (Ursus americanus) historically inhabited every province and territory in Canada, all continental states in the United States (U.S.), and northern states of Mexico. We used BearsWhere?, an Internet mapping tool, to survey bear biologists in Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. and estimate the current range of black bears using 4 categories: primary range and secondary range (which together comprise total range), bear sighting locations outside range, and no bears reported. Primary and secondary ranges in 12 Canadian provinces and territories, 40 states in the U.S., and 6 states in Mexico totaled 10.5 million km2, representing 65–75% of the species’ historical range. Total bear range in Canada was 6.9 million km2, representing 95–100% of its historical range. Prince Edward Island was the only province with no bear range or sightings. Total range in the U.S. was 3.5 million km2, representing 45–60% of U.S. historical range. Respondents reported occasional sightings but no primary or secondary range in 6 U.S. states (IA, KS, NE, ND, OH, and SD), and bears were absent from the District of Columbia and the remaining 4 states (DE, HI, IL, and IN). Only primary range data were available in Mexico, consisting of approximately 99,000 km2 across portions of 6 states (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo Leon, Sonora, and Tamaulipas). Our ability to detect a change in bear range was limited, but notable expansion of primary range since the mid-1990s was confirmed in Virginia and North Carolina.
Purpose:
To map the current range of black bears (Ursus americanus) in North America.
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 2009
Ending_Date: 2012
Currentness_Reference: publication date
Status:
Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned
Spatial_Domain:
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -166.414255
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -40.761703
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 90.000000
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 14.251153
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: boundaries
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: EPA GIS Keyword Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: Conservation
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: FWCTheme
Theme_Keyword: range
Theme_Keyword: black bear
Theme_Keyword: Ursus amercanus
Theme_Keyword: distribution
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Place_Keyword: Alabama
Place_Keyword: Florida
Place_Keyword: Georgia
Place_Keyword: Alaska
Place_Keyword: Arizona
Place_Keyword: Arkansas
Place_Keyword: California
Place_Keyword: Canada
Place_Keyword: Colorado
Place_Keyword: Connecticut
Place_Keyword: Delaware
Place_Keyword: Hawaii
Place_Keyword: Idaho
Place_Keyword: Illinois
Place_Keyword: Indiana
Place_Keyword: Iowa
Place_Keyword: Kansas
Place_Keyword: Kentucky
Place_Keyword: Louisiana
Place_Keyword: Maine
Place_Keyword: Maryland
Place_Keyword: Massachusetts
Place_Keyword: Mexico
Place_Keyword: Michigan
Place_Keyword: Minnesota
Place_Keyword: Mississippi
Place_Keyword: Missouri
Place_Keyword: Montana
Place_Keyword: Nebraska
Place_Keyword: Nevada
Place_Keyword: New Hampshire
Place_Keyword: New Jersey
Place_Keyword: New Mexico
Place_Keyword: New York
Place_Keyword: North Carolina
Place_Keyword: North Dakota
Place_Keyword: Ohio
Place_Keyword: Oklahoma
Place_Keyword: Oregon
Place_Keyword: Pennsylvania
Place_Keyword: Rhode Island
Place_Keyword: South Carolina
Place_Keyword: South Dakota
Place_Keyword: Tennessee
Place_Keyword: Texas
Place_Keyword: United States
Place_Keyword: Utah
Place_Keyword: Vermont
Place_Keyword: Virginia
Place_Keyword: Washington
Place_Keyword: Washington DC
Place_Keyword: West Virginia
Place_Keyword: Wisconsin
Place_Keyword: Wyoming
Access_Constraints:
These data are unrestricted. Where possible, always acquire this dataset directly from FWC as other sources may have altered the original data.
Use_Constraints:
Users are encouraged to read and fully comprehend the metadata record prior to using these data. Please acknowledge the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) as the data source for any products developed from these data. Users should be aware that comparison with other data sets for the same area may be inaccurate due to inconsistencies resulting from changes in mapping conventions, data collection techniques, and computer processes over time. FWC shall not be liable for improper or incorrect use of these data.
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: GIS Librarian
Contact_Organization:
Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission-Fish and Wildlife Research Institute
Contact_Position: GIS Data Librarian
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing address
Address: Fish and Wildlife Research Institute
Address: 620 S. Meridian St 5B6
City: Tallahassee
State_or_Province: Florida
Postal_Code: 32399
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 850-488-0588
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 850-410-5269
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: GISRequests@MyFWC.com
Data_Set_Credit:
Brian Scheick and Walter McCown, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission
Security_Information:
Security_Classification_System: FWRI-DC
Security_Classification: Available without restriction
Security_Handling_Description: Available without restriction

Data_Quality_Information:
Logical_Consistency_Report:
Logically consistent. All attribute values fall within defined values.
Completeness_Report:
Visually inspected for completeness to ensure all values fell within specified ranges.

Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector
Point_and_Vector_Object_Information:

Spatial_Reference_Information:
Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
Planar:
Map_Projection:
Map_Projection_Name: NAD 1983 2011 Florida GDL Albers
Albers_Conical_Equal_Area:
Standard_Parallel: 24.0
Standard_Parallel: 31.5
Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -84.0
Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 24.0
False_Easting: 400000.0
False_Northing: 0.0
Planar_Coordinate_Information:
Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair
Coordinate_Representation:
Abscissa_Resolution: 0.0001
Ordinate_Resolution: 0.0001
Planar_Distance_Units: meter
Geodetic_Model:
Horizontal_Datum_Name: D NAD 1983 2011
Ellipsoid_Name: GRS 1980
Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222101

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
Detailed_Description:
Entity_Type:
Entity_Type_Label: GIS.FWC.BlackBearRange_NorthAmerica_poly
Entity_Type_Definition: Bear Range North America 2009-2012
Entity_Type_Definition_Source: FWC
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: OBJECTID
Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain:
Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Shape
Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain: Coordinates defining the features.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Country
Attribute_Definition: Country or portion of country for that shape.
Attribute_Definition_Source: FWC
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Canada
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Country of Canada
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: USA - Alaska
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: State of Alaska in the USA
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: USA - contiguous
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Lower 48 states of USA
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Mexico
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Country of Mexico
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Status
Attribute_Definition: Numberical identification of category of range.
Attribute_Definition_Source: FWC
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 1
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Primary bear range
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: FWC
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 2
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Secondary bear range
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: FWC
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Label
Attribute_Definition: Category of range.
Attribute_Definition_Source: FWC
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Primary Bear Range
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Areas that respondents considered as breeding range, areas consistently or frequently occupied, areas with high bear density, areas with high-quality habitat, or areas where bears or bear sign were common.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: FWC
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Secondary Bear Range
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Occupied by bears but at a lower level than primary range, including non-breeding range, areas containing low bear density, areas containing low-quality and often fragmented habitat, or areas where frequency of bears of bear sightings were uncommon but not unexpected.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: FWC
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Kilometers
Attribute_Definition: Area of polygon in kilometers square.
Attribute_Definition_Source: FWC
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain: Free text.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Miles
Attribute_Definition: Area of polygon in miles square.
Attribute_Definition_Source: FWC
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain: Free text.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Shape.area
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Shape.len

Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: GIS Librarian
Contact_Organization:
Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission-Fish and Wildlife Research Institute
Contact_Position: GIS Data Librarian
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing address
Address: Fish and Wildlife Research Institute
Address: 620 S. Meridian St 5B6
City: Tallahassee
State_or_Province: Florida
Postal_Code: 32399
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 850-488-0588
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 850-410-5269
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: GISRequests@MyFWC.com
Distribution_Liability:
This data set is in the public domain, and the recipient may not assert any proprietary rights thereto nor represent it to anyone as other than a Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission produced data set; it is provided "as-is" without warranty of any kind, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. The user assumes all responsibility for the accuracy and suitability of this data set for a specific application. In no event will the staff of the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission be liable for any damages, including lost profits, lost savings, or other incidental or consequential damages arising from the use of or the inability to use this data set.
Standard_Order_Process:
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name: <http://myfwc.com/research>
Fees:
None. However, persons or organizations requesting information must provide transfer media if FTP is not available and must pay express shipping costs if express shipping is required.
Ordering_Instructions:
Contact GIS Librarian by e-mail, telephone, or letter explaining which products are needed and providing a brief description of how the products will be used. Also, provide name and address of the person or organization requesting the products.
Turnaround:
Usually within 10 business days, although, complex requests may take longer
Custom_Order_Process: Contact GIS Librarian

Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 201506
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: GIS Librarian
Contact_Organization:
Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission-Fish and Wildlife Research Institute
Contact_Position: GIS Data Librarian
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing address
Address: Fish and Wildlife Research Institute
Address: 620 S. Meridian St 5B6
City: Tallahassee
State_or_Province: Florida
Postal_Code: 32399
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 850-488-0588
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 850-410-5269
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: GISRequests@MyFWC.com
Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
Metadata_Time_Convention: local time
Metadata_Access_Constraints: No restrictions on metadata
Metadata_Use_Constraints: Metadata must be distributed with the data set.
Metadata_Security_Information:
Metadata_Security_Classification_System: FWRI-MC
Metadata_Security_Classification: Available
Metadata_Security_Handling_Description: Metadata must be distributed with the data set.

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