Black Bear Range, North America, 2009-2012
Metadata also available as
Metadata:
- Identification_Information:
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- Citation:
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- Citation_Information:
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- Originator:
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Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission - Fish and Wildlife Research Institute (FWC-FWRI)
- Publication_Date: 2014
- Title: Black Bear Range, North America, 2009-2012
- Online_Linkage: <http://www.bioone.org/doi/pdf/10.2192/URSUS-D-12-00020.1>
- Description:
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- Abstract:
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American black bears (Ursus americanus) historically inhabited every province and territory in Canada, all continental states in the United States (U.S.), and northern states of Mexico. We used BearsWhere?, an Internet mapping tool, to survey bear biologists in Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. and estimate the current range of black bears using 4 categories: primary range and secondary range (which together comprise total range), bear sighting locations outside range, and no bears reported. Primary and secondary ranges in 12 Canadian provinces and territories, 40 states in the U.S., and 6 states in Mexico totaled 10.5 million km2, representing 65–75% of the species’ historical range. Total bear range in Canada was 6.9 million km2, representing 95–100% of its historical range. Prince Edward Island was the only province with no bear range or sightings. Total range in the U.S. was 3.5 million km2, representing 45–60% of U.S. historical range. Respondents reported occasional sightings but no primary or secondary range in 6 U.S. states (IA, KS, NE, ND, OH, and SD), and bears were absent from the District of Columbia and the remaining 4 states (DE, HI, IL, and IN). Only primary range data were available in Mexico, consisting of approximately 99,000 km2 across portions of 6 states (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo Leon, Sonora, and Tamaulipas). Our ability to detect a change in bear range was limited, but notable expansion of primary range since the mid-1990s was confirmed in Virginia and North Carolina.
- Purpose:
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To map the current range of black bears (Ursus americanus) in North America.
- Time_Period_of_Content:
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- Time_Period_Information:
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- Range_of_Dates/Times:
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- Beginning_Date: 2009
- Ending_Date: 2012
- Currentness_Reference: publication date
- Status:
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- Progress: Complete
- Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned
- Spatial_Domain:
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- Bounding_Coordinates:
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- West_Bounding_Coordinate: -166.414255
- East_Bounding_Coordinate: -40.761703
- North_Bounding_Coordinate: 90.000000
- South_Bounding_Coordinate: 14.251153
- Keywords:
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- Theme:
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- Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
- Theme_Keyword: boundaries
- Theme:
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- Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: EPA GIS Keyword Thesaurus
- Theme_Keyword: Conservation
- Theme:
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- Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: FWCTheme
- Theme_Keyword: range
- Theme_Keyword: black bear
- Theme_Keyword: Ursus amercanus
- Theme_Keyword: distribution
- Place:
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- Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
- Place_Keyword: Alabama
- Place_Keyword: Florida
- Place_Keyword: Georgia
- Place_Keyword: Alaska
- Place_Keyword: Arizona
- Place_Keyword: Arkansas
- Place_Keyword: California
- Place_Keyword: Canada
- Place_Keyword: Colorado
- Place_Keyword: Connecticut
- Place_Keyword: Delaware
- Place_Keyword: Hawaii
- Place_Keyword: Idaho
- Place_Keyword: Illinois
- Place_Keyword: Indiana
- Place_Keyword: Iowa
- Place_Keyword: Kansas
- Place_Keyword: Kentucky
- Place_Keyword: Louisiana
- Place_Keyword: Maine
- Place_Keyword: Maryland
- Place_Keyword: Massachusetts
- Place_Keyword: Mexico
- Place_Keyword: Michigan
- Place_Keyword: Minnesota
- Place_Keyword: Mississippi
- Place_Keyword: Missouri
- Place_Keyword: Montana
- Place_Keyword: Nebraska
- Place_Keyword: Nevada
- Place_Keyword: New Hampshire
- Place_Keyword: New Jersey
- Place_Keyword: New Mexico
- Place_Keyword: New York
- Place_Keyword: North Carolina
- Place_Keyword: North Dakota
- Place_Keyword: Ohio
- Place_Keyword: Oklahoma
- Place_Keyword: Oregon
- Place_Keyword: Pennsylvania
- Place_Keyword: Rhode Island
- Place_Keyword: South Carolina
- Place_Keyword: South Dakota
- Place_Keyword: Tennessee
- Place_Keyword: Texas
- Place_Keyword: United States
- Place_Keyword: Utah
- Place_Keyword: Vermont
- Place_Keyword: Virginia
- Place_Keyword: Washington
- Place_Keyword: Washington DC
- Place_Keyword: West Virginia
- Place_Keyword: Wisconsin
- Place_Keyword: Wyoming
- Access_Constraints:
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These data are unrestricted. Where possible, always acquire this dataset directly from FWC as other sources may have altered the original data.
- Use_Constraints:
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Users are encouraged to read and fully comprehend the metadata record prior to using these data. Please acknowledge the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) as the data source for any products developed from these data. Users should be aware that comparison with other data sets for the same area may be inaccurate due to inconsistencies resulting from changes in mapping conventions, data collection techniques, and computer processes over time. FWC shall not be liable for improper or incorrect use of these data.
- Point_of_Contact:
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- Contact_Information:
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- Contact_Person_Primary:
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- Contact_Person: GIS Librarian
- Contact_Organization:
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Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission-Fish and Wildlife Research Institute
- Contact_Position: GIS Data Librarian
- Contact_Address:
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- Address_Type: mailing address
- Address: Fish and Wildlife Research Institute
- Address: 620 S. Meridian St 5B6
- City: Tallahassee
- State_or_Province: Florida
- Postal_Code: 32399
- Contact_Voice_Telephone: 850-488-0588
- Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 850-410-5269
- Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: GISRequests@MyFWC.com
- Data_Set_Credit:
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Brian Scheick and Walter McCown, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission
- Security_Information:
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- Security_Classification_System: FWRI-DC
- Security_Classification: Available without restriction
- Security_Handling_Description: Available without restriction
- Data_Quality_Information:
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- Logical_Consistency_Report:
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Logically consistent. All attribute values fall within defined values.
- Completeness_Report:
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Visually inspected for completeness to ensure all values fell within specified ranges.
- Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
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- Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector
- Point_and_Vector_Object_Information:
- Spatial_Reference_Information:
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- Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
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- Planar:
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- Map_Projection:
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- Map_Projection_Name: NAD 1983 2011 Florida GDL Albers
- Albers_Conical_Equal_Area:
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- Standard_Parallel: 24.0
- Standard_Parallel: 31.5
- Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -84.0
- Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 24.0
- False_Easting: 400000.0
- False_Northing: 0.0
- Planar_Coordinate_Information:
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- Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair
- Coordinate_Representation:
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- Abscissa_Resolution: 0.0001
- Ordinate_Resolution: 0.0001
- Planar_Distance_Units: meter
- Geodetic_Model:
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- Horizontal_Datum_Name: D NAD 1983 2011
- Ellipsoid_Name: GRS 1980
- Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0
- Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222101
- Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
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- Detailed_Description:
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- Entity_Type:
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- Entity_Type_Label: GIS.FWC.BlackBearRange_NorthAmerica_poly
- Entity_Type_Definition: Bear Range North America 2009-2012
- Entity_Type_Definition_Source: FWC
- Attribute:
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- Attribute_Label: OBJECTID
- Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number.
- Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri
- Attribute_Domain_Values:
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- Unrepresentable_Domain:
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Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.
- Attribute:
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- Attribute_Label: Shape
- Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry.
- Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri
- Attribute_Domain_Values:
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- Unrepresentable_Domain: Coordinates defining the features.
- Attribute:
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- Attribute_Label: Country
- Attribute_Definition: Country or portion of country for that shape.
- Attribute_Definition_Source: FWC
- Attribute_Domain_Values:
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- Enumerated_Domain:
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- Enumerated_Domain_Value: Canada
- Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Country of Canada
- Attribute_Domain_Values:
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- Enumerated_Domain:
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- Enumerated_Domain_Value: USA - Alaska
- Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: State of Alaska in the USA
- Attribute_Domain_Values:
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- Enumerated_Domain:
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- Enumerated_Domain_Value: USA - contiguous
- Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Lower 48 states of USA
- Attribute_Domain_Values:
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- Enumerated_Domain:
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- Enumerated_Domain_Value: Mexico
- Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Country of Mexico
- Attribute:
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- Attribute_Label: Status
- Attribute_Definition: Numberical identification of category of range.
- Attribute_Definition_Source: FWC
- Attribute_Domain_Values:
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- Enumerated_Domain:
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- Enumerated_Domain_Value: 1
- Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Primary bear range
- Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: FWC
- Attribute_Domain_Values:
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- Enumerated_Domain:
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- Enumerated_Domain_Value: 2
- Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Secondary bear range
- Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: FWC
- Attribute:
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- Attribute_Label: Label
- Attribute_Definition: Category of range.
- Attribute_Definition_Source: FWC
- Attribute_Domain_Values:
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- Enumerated_Domain:
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- Enumerated_Domain_Value: Primary Bear Range
- Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
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Areas that respondents considered as breeding range, areas consistently or frequently occupied, areas with high bear density, areas with high-quality habitat, or areas where bears or bear sign were common.
- Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: FWC
- Attribute_Domain_Values:
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- Enumerated_Domain:
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- Enumerated_Domain_Value: Secondary Bear Range
- Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
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Occupied by bears but at a lower level than primary range, including non-breeding range, areas containing low bear density, areas containing low-quality and often fragmented habitat, or areas where frequency of bears of bear sightings were uncommon but not unexpected.
- Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: FWC
- Attribute:
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- Attribute_Label: Kilometers
- Attribute_Definition: Area of polygon in kilometers square.
- Attribute_Definition_Source: FWC
- Attribute_Domain_Values:
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- Unrepresentable_Domain: Free text.
- Attribute:
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- Attribute_Label: Miles
- Attribute_Definition: Area of polygon in miles square.
- Attribute_Definition_Source: FWC
- Attribute_Domain_Values:
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- Unrepresentable_Domain: Free text.
- Attribute:
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- Attribute_Label: Shape.area
- Attribute:
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- Attribute_Label: Shape.len
- Distribution_Information:
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- Distributor:
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- Contact_Information:
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- Contact_Person_Primary:
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- Contact_Person: GIS Librarian
- Contact_Organization:
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Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission-Fish and Wildlife Research Institute
- Contact_Position: GIS Data Librarian
- Contact_Address:
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- Address_Type: mailing address
- Address: Fish and Wildlife Research Institute
- Address: 620 S. Meridian St 5B6
- City: Tallahassee
- State_or_Province: Florida
- Postal_Code: 32399
- Contact_Voice_Telephone: 850-488-0588
- Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 850-410-5269
- Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: GISRequests@MyFWC.com
- Distribution_Liability:
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This data set is in the public domain, and the recipient may not assert any proprietary rights thereto nor represent it to anyone as other than a Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission produced data set; it is provided "as-is" without warranty of any kind, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. The user assumes all responsibility for the accuracy and suitability of this data set for a specific application. In no event will the staff of the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission be liable for any damages, including lost profits, lost savings, or other incidental or consequential damages arising from the use of or the inability to use this data set.
- Standard_Order_Process:
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- Digital_Form:
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- Digital_Transfer_Option:
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- Online_Option:
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- Computer_Contact_Information:
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- Network_Address:
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- Network_Resource_Name: <http://myfwc.com/research>
- Fees:
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None. However, persons or organizations requesting information must provide transfer media if FTP is not available and must pay express shipping costs if express shipping is required.
- Ordering_Instructions:
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Contact GIS Librarian by e-mail, telephone, or letter explaining which products are needed and providing a brief description of how the products will be used. Also, provide name and address of the person or organization requesting the products.
- Turnaround:
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Usually within 10 business days, although, complex requests may take longer
- Custom_Order_Process: Contact GIS Librarian
- Metadata_Reference_Information:
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- Metadata_Date: 201506
- Metadata_Contact:
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- Contact_Information:
-
- Contact_Person_Primary:
-
- Contact_Person: GIS Librarian
- Contact_Organization:
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Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission-Fish and Wildlife Research Institute
- Contact_Position: GIS Data Librarian
- Contact_Address:
-
- Address_Type: mailing address
- Address: Fish and Wildlife Research Institute
- Address: 620 S. Meridian St 5B6
- City: Tallahassee
- State_or_Province: Florida
- Postal_Code: 32399
- Contact_Voice_Telephone: 850-488-0588
- Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 850-410-5269
- Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: GISRequests@MyFWC.com
- Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata
- Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
- Metadata_Time_Convention: local time
- Metadata_Access_Constraints: No restrictions on metadata
- Metadata_Use_Constraints: Metadata must be distributed with the data set.
- Metadata_Security_Information:
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- Metadata_Security_Classification_System: FWRI-MC
- Metadata_Security_Classification: Available
- Metadata_Security_Handling_Description: Metadata must be distributed with the data set.
Generated by mp version 2.9.12 on Fri Nov 08 16:12:35 2019